Embossing
Embossing is the process of creating a raised image or design on paper or some other materials. Debossing pushes the image in so it falls below the surface of the paper. Both these process can be costly depending on stock used (those which require more time to be embossed are more expensive eg copper plate).
Embossing gives an expensive looking finish and often works best when kept fairly simple. It is often most used for business cards and other branding ephemera.
Embossing is most effective on an uncoated stock, as with many print processes, because uncoated stocks absorb the ink more than coated stocks, which allow the ink to sit on the surface.
Die Cutting
Die cutting is a process that allows the designer to cut out a feature of their design, giving it more interesting and innovative detail. It is a similar process to laser cutting and removes part of the surface, either to show something beneath or to just have a cut in the design.
This design used die cutting to reveal the metallic stock underneath, showing that the die cut is being used for functionality.
Stop Varnish
Spot varnishes are very varied and are used often within the field of branding and identity. A UV spot varnish adds a very shiny finish, especially on coated stocks. As a process, it allows the designer to exaggerate an element of their design or highlight it if it is a point of interest.
Lamination
Stocks can be either gloss or matt laminated, both of which add a protective casing to the stock and preserve the design, but gloss gives a much shinier finish than matt.
Matt laminated
Gloss laminated
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